why was henry vii called the winter king

Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. One interesting thing about him is his early youth and the fourteen years he spent in exile in France Brittany to be precise and those, I believe, made him the man he was eventually to become. Fittingly he dressed in expensive black. Omissions? Richard III's death at Bosworth Field effectively ended the Wars of the Roses. Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). Overblown prose trumpeting his reign seemed to be the order of the day. Otherwise, at the time of his father's arranging of the marriage to Catherine of Aragon, the future Henry VIII was too young to contract the marriage according to Canon Law and would be ineligible until age fourteen. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. 4. ), The Reign of Henry VII. [59][60][61], He was content to allow the nobles their regional influence if they were loyal to him. The Field of Cloth of Gold: Royal Revelry. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Its restoration by the Magnus Intercursus was very much to England's benefit in removing taxation for English merchants and significantly increasing England's wealth. (1): (April 24, 1883. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. However, King Henry the VIII was much more self-centered as most of his spending was inappropriate and did not benefit England much. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. It was 1501. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. Reasonably interesting overview of the reign of Henry VII of England. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. His account of Henry's government is more contentious than he lets on. [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. I'm not giving this a star rating because I suspect it's me at fault not the book. During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. I found this really interesting, but Im a history nut. He created the Tudor dynasty. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. An easy read? Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. Henry VIII had become heir to the throne when his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502. [65] Henry VII was shattered by the loss of Elizabeth, and her death impacted him severely. In 1622 Francis Bacon published his History of the Reign of King Henry VII. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard III as a usurper. The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. The usual courts and justice system were totally circumvented, and there was no chance of appeal other than purchasing extremely high priced royal pardons. [13] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? He likens the beginning of Henry VIIIs reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". [15], By 1483, Henry's mother was actively promoting him as an alternative to Richard III, despite her being married to Lord Stanley, a Yorkist. In 1837 Henry VIII's tomb was eventually marked in the chapel with a commemorative marble slab. 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Henry Tudor is a familiar name to students of English history, especially the military side of it. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. This is why he named the book the Winter King. This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. this was well-written and i love henry vii for how he managed to a) get the throne of england and b) keep it and make the crown so solvent after the devastating years of the Wars of the Roses, but i can't help but think that a lot of this was rather dry. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. [66], Henry wanted to maintain the Spanish alliance. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Together, they had seven children. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. His claim to the throne was precarious and was from an illegitimate line, a family who had been banned from taking the throne, so Henry needed to make the people believe that he was their rightful King and to do that he had to start behaving like one. He took care not to address the baronage or summon Parliament until after his coronation, which took place in Westminster Abbey on 30 October 1485. That was to prevent the King of France capturing him and letting him loose on the English as a rival. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. Through luck, guile, and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, emerged as rulerbut as a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne, he remained a usurper and false king to many, and his hold on power was precarious. More wrote that this King is loved and compared Henrys accession to the coming of a new season, a new spring following a winter of repression. The first rising, that of Lord Lovell, Richard IIIs chamberlain, in 1486 was ill-prepared and unimportant, but in 1487 came the much more serious revolt of Lambert Simnel. Penn then moved on to how Henry became King. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. Philip died shortly after the negotiations. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! In 1494, Henry embargoed trade (mainly in wool) with the Burgundian Netherlands in retaliation for Margaret of Burgundy's support for Perkin Warbeck. Reading this, I got a much better understanding of where Henry VIII came from, and why he was destined to be the colorful ruler he became, as an antidote to his own father. Dydd Gyl Dewi Hapus! Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. Henry the eighth was a renaissance King. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. All the powers of Europe doubted Henrys ability to survive, and most were willing to shelter claimants against him. "[73] Further compounding Henry's distress, his older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to King James IV of Scotland and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again. In 1407, Henry IV, Gaunt's son by his first wife, issued new Letters Patent confirming the legitimacy of his half-siblings but also declaring them ineligible for the throne. He was a ruler to be feared, a ruler to be paid. With the assistance of the Italian merchant banker Lodovico della Fava and the Italian banker Girolamo Frescobaldi, Henry VII became deeply involved in the trade by licensing ships, obtaining alum from the Ottoman Empire, and selling it to the Low Countries and in England. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle, in the English-speaking portion of Pembrokeshire known as Little England beyond Wales. But he leaves us wondering how Henry got away with it. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. The country was in a perpetual state of emergency and Henrys subjects were scared and resentful. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. Updates? For many he remained a usurper, a false king. Several of Richard's key allies, such as Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and also Lord Stanley and his brother William, crucially switched sides or left the battlefield.