ekpe society cameroon

[34], On leaving the Uruan country, the Efik migrated to Ikpa Ene which is nicknamed Akani Obio Efik(English: Old Efik island). Laws were passed to halt several practices regarded as unchristian. One of such accounts was given at a court case by Prince Bassey Duke in 1917 where he stated, "The Efiks were originally Ibo descendants. The indigenous drums of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon are distinctive for their "wedge and ring" method of tightening the skin. Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. a Mande tradition based on orally transmitted history. For the first time in history, Ekpe had a presentation at the highest institution of cultural anthropology in the world, the Smithsonian Museum. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. [49] Several events at Creek town later led to a wave of migration from Creek town to Duke town. Collection of Eli Bentor. It is uncertain when Obutong was founded but most Efik scholars hypothesize that it was founded in the 16th century. . Ed Keazor Follow Barrister-at-Law Advertisement Advertisement Recommended [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop sai." This is UKARA cloth used by the Ekpe society in a handful of places in Nigeria, Cameroon The symbols are nisbidi You even scanned the raffia marks left from resist dyeing I hope you won't sue the owners in future! [45] internal dissensions and population expansion led to the movement of several families from Creek Town to Obutong, Atakpa, Nsidung and Ekoretonko. They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community.. Their king on the eastern Calabar coast was known as Ating Anua Efiom. Ekpe" which literally means Lion, is a traditional secret society originated from the Ekoi tribe in Cross River State. Select search scope, currently: catalog all catalog, articles, website, & more in one search; catalog books, media & more in the Stanford Libraries' collections; articles+ journal articles & other e-resources [12] Due to the support of the missionaries, the Efik language became the language of religion. The Efik language was also spoken in several communities in Western Cameroon. On behalf of Ekpe-USA Leadership, I hereby remind every member of Ngbe who has taken the aoth that our fathers and great grand fathers took to uphold those sacred traditions and beliefs, to immediately start preparations to do what they must do to send our brother to join our ancestors. All willing to engage respectfully are welcome. [33] When the husband of the Uruan woman learnt of the issue, he wanted to fight the Efik. That is why Sisiku Ojong Orock after consultation with the other Ekpe members and Sisiku Mfonten Mbu decided to acquire his own Nkanda Lodge in April 2003. The article was a not-so-deep exploration of indigenous African writing systems and languages. Write the meaning in the blank. Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. [77] The fibre of the leaf-stalk of a palm was made into a thread and woven to make clothes and bags. [72] Iwewe is also regarded as a sacrificial meal often prepared for the Efik deities. [19] Oku attests that it was the attack on the Efik that made them decide to leave Ikpa Ene as they realised they were still too close to their enemies. The Ekpe society, the regulatory society in Manyu Division also fixed a heavy fine on any defaulter. Sunjata's half-brother, Dankaran Touman, enrages Sunjata and nearly causes civil war by: murdering an innocent young man, thinking he is Sunjata. Photo by Jordan Fenton. [41] Latham hypothesizes that the Efik may have arrived before the middle of the seventeenth century. One theory asserts that Ukpong Atai Atai Ema Atai, Adim Atai Atai Ema Atai and other co-founders founded Obutong after one of Eyo Ema's people was killed during a wrestling match with Ukpong Atai at Creek town. [43] Stephen D. Behrendt and Eric J. Graham revealed in a 2003 publication that by the time the first documented European sailing vessel arrived in 1625, the Efik had already settled at Creek Town and Old Town. The Ekpe society may be regarded as one of the most important institutions among the Efik people. LEFT Ekpe cage during Ikot Ekpe ritual in 2009. The Efik Language and Its Future. [27] A number of reasons have been given on why the Efik left Uruan. The remains will then be taken to Kepelle Village in Cameroon for burial after that. One-word searches work best.Use AND to require multiple terms: LEFT Small ukara with minute patterned design and Omu Aro symbol. "[18] References to the Igbo origin of the Efik were also made at the Hart's enquiry into the Obongship dispute where Etubom Efiom Obo Effanga asserted that the term "Iboku" meant quarrelsome Igbos. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. The island is believed to be named after a fisherman from Mbiabo known as Ene Ankot. Aye in 2000 does not mention the Efut as being the primary occupants. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. Ukara cloth also consecrates the interior of Ekpe lodges, where larger versions of the cloth hang as backdrops. Proponents of this theory range from missionaries, explorers, colonial anthropologists and later historians. It described the religion, social, economic and political structures of the society as progressive and dynamic. [11] The last three clans had greatly dwindled in number and many of their members are believed to have been miscegenated into other Efik clans. These they handcuffed, brought down to the canoes, and so proceeded up the river, till they got to the amount of 45, with whom they returned to New town, where sending to the captains of the shipping, they divided them among the ships.[56]. Jeffreys also stated, "There is reason to believe that a considerable portion of a small Ibibio clan called Ebrutu or Eburutu was the earliest stock of the Efik; for, when the missionaries settled in 1846 at Old Calabar amongst these people for the first time, it was found that they called themselves not Efik but Ebrutu or Ebrutu Efik. Ekpe masquerade [1], Its members are only men and are played on special occasion. Due to the rise of Calabar as a commercial centre since the 18th century, Efik settlements experienced a high rate of inward migration consisting of Sierra Leoneans, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans and several other communities. [11] The bulk of the Enwang and Usukakpa are located in the present-day Akwa Ibom state. As Sidney Kasfir has pointed to (in reference to the Ekpe society in southeastern Nigeria and adjoining Cameroon), material, performative, and ritual structures in masking are not fused together but can be used to different ends and can travel different paths ( Kasfir 2019: 15). The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. [11] Ibonda (an Efut clan) has sometimes been appended to Adiabo as one of the seven Efik clans. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. Law and order in Efik society was maintained via a number of secret societies. Ikpa Ene was a virgin island on the banks of the Cross river. Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the most important stories daily. [59] Ekpe is first mentioned in the historical literature of Old Calabar in the 1770s. But most importantly, it should be mentioned that if its members did not support the ostensible reality of ekpe, as a thing to be feared and appeased, then the She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. Due to the role they played during the era of the triangular trade, their prominence in literature and art, there has been a lot of academic scholarship on the people. kp lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. Another account claimed that Efik people introduced the Ekpe between 1720 and 1729 during the initial migration of Calabar. (1985). Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. the exhibition explores the long- Infact; there can be no-gainsay of the USAK-EDET People (ISANGELE) being the originators of this highly acclaimed Ekpe Society that the EFIKS, led by EFFA EFFIWAT later on used in subduing their subjects of EFUTS, (i.e. In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society. The ethnic group to which most of the characters belong is the __________________people. [17] Some oral accounts by early Efik men also support the Igbo origin of the Efik. Today, it is no longer the same Ekpe society of decades ago. cherryblossom wrote on watzinaname's profile. One theory states that the Efik and Uruan had separate religious customs and the Efik refused to worship the Uruan deity Atakpor Uruan Inyang. As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. Social importance is attached to the highest ranks of Ekpe-men, called the Amama. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. It became a truly multi-group society, finding its' way to almost all groups in the region and gaining dominance in . Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Calabar. The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). The group has managed to stay mostly hidden for over more than 100 years. [26] Essien points out that Atakpor Uruan Inyang is one of the Efik deities and asserts that among the Uruan exists the saying "Ke Ndem Efik Iboku, Atakpor ke Ekuk", which can be interpreted to mean "Where there is the Efik deity, there is also Atakpor Uruan to share with it. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. It is a male-only society, and members are bound by secrecy. When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you, Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death, Joshua Project Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile, Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks, Abridgement of the minutes of the evidence, "Souvenir programme of the Coronation of Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V", "Cross river as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class/concord systems", https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092842/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pa-effiong-ukpong-aye-1918-2012/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efik_people&oldid=1131332439, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 17:46. [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. Papers documenting the research materials and scholarly work of Dr. Ivor L. Miller in cultural studies of the African Diaspora. Iwewe is a type of boiled yam mashed with a small amount of palm oil and stirred with a spoon. Here's a look inside. In addition to ritual propitiation of forest spirits to ensure the well-being of the community, this graded secret male society made and enforced laws by fines, capital punishment, or boycotts; judged cases; maintained internal peace; and served as the executive. cherryblossom wrote on WARRIOR's profile. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. What I want for dollar side is a fine coat and sword all same I tell you and the rest in copper rods. [32] At night when everyone had gone to sleep, the men from Uruan rose up and began to slaughter their hosts. Ekpe masquerade mimic the form of a lion or leopard moves. (Ed.). And there are definitely more than 10 Ekpe members still around today. The primary society is located in the Cross River, Akwa Ibom and Arochukwu areas of Nigeria, and the secondary society consists of members from the Southern and Eastern Igbo groups of the same country. One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . identity. AHR ~ 125 the Ekpe society. I was very poorno job and I has no money to even feed and take care of myfamily I was confuse in life I dont know what to do I try allmy possible best to get money but no one work out for meeach day I share tears, I was just looking out my family nomoney to take care of them until one day I decided to jointhe great Illuminati , I come across them in the internet Inever believe I said let me try I email them.all what theysaid we happen in my life just started it was like a dream tome they really change my story totally . Ekpe means leopard, not lion. In the Song of Ocol, Lawino's husband gives his side, arguing that: Ocol throws Lawino out of his house because: Ocol says that "__________________________ are chains around the neck, chains of slavery". Nsibidi is a body of ideographic, abstract, and gestural signs deployed by the Ekpe society as a form of coded communication. Other trading items sold by the Efik included rubber, ivory, barwood and redwood. authority as head of the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society. [68] The society is believed to have been introduced in Calabar from Usahadet. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. society to its Caribbean incarnation, which has deeply influenced Cuba's creative energy and popular consciousness. [23][24], The Oriental original is most popular among indigenous Efik historians such as E.U. a warrior-hunter who, despite having been a cripple, becomes the founder of an empire. The Efik also manufacture a number of beverages such as Mmn Efik (Palm wine), Uffp (Native gin), Lemon grass tea (Nnyannyaa), Mmn Eyop (Eyop wine). http://Ekpesociety.blogspot.com; www.ekpe.org; http://Ekpesocietyusa.blogspot.com; http://ndiboyevengo.blogspot.com, Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting, Ekpe Chief Maurice Enoh's funeral in Dallas on January 27th and 28th 2012, Maurice Enoh: The 1st Manyu Ekpe USA Sessekou to die in USA, Maurice Enoh returning from his crowning ceremony as Ekpe Chief in Kepelle Village, Ekpe-USA received at the Smithsonian Museum. [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. Children of Efik maternal descent are still regarded as Efik and have contributed to the development of the Efik society. The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. [64] They insisted that Obutong be completely destroyed. This site uses cookies to help personalize content, tailor your experience and to keep you logged in if you register. I hope Queen Victoria and young prince will live long time and we get good friend. Sunjata's victory against Sumaworo comes in part because: Sumaworo loses the support of his nephew, Fakoli. Oral tradition has it that the Efik arrived Uruan in four groups i.e. While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. According to Parker, When there, Dick Ebro' asking him to go to war with him, he complied, and accordingly having sitted out and armed the canoes, they went up the river, lying under the bushes in the day when they came near a village; and at night flying up to the village, and taking hold of every one they could see. After the Efik had settled at Ikpa Ene, a party of men from Uruan arrived at Ikpa Ene. The term "Calabar people" was particularly popular prior to the nineteenth century and was synonymous to the Efik.[6]. Her behavior at the board meeting was obsequious\mathit{obsequious}obsequious; for example, she actually offered to wash the company president's car! [61] These papers were signed by the reigning monarchs of Creek town and Duke town who were Eyo Honesty II and Eyamba V.[61] King Eyamba and King Eyo had written letters to the British requesting that they bring in teachers to teach them trade and commerce and missionaries to aid them to know more about God. The Efik people speak the Efik language, which is a BenueCongo language of the Cross River family. a king whose attempts to have a special son lead him to make bargains with one Islamic missionary and two noble travelers. The Ekoi in Cameroon are found in the South Western region of the count. This created a need for Ekpe DC to have a full Ayamba Nkanda (Nkanda Chief). The earliest accounts are narrated in the second half of the 19th century by Explorers and missionaries. [42] K.K. At its peak, it permeated the social, economic and political life of the Efiks but lately its dominance has been eroded as urbanization and modern political administration expanded. Google Scholar Aye, E. A. by Web Services Editor. Among these missionaries were Rev. [32] The Efik having pity on these men gave them food and showed them hospitality. According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. Modern Efik society is a melting pot of people of diverse origin. It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. The cloth is made of plain cotton but transformed into a ritual object when nsibidi symbols are inscribed onto it through indigo dyeing. It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil. Initiated into ekpe society at 9 as was done in those days and now not even a word is mentioned each time you talk about ekpe in manyu. . Ikpaya is now worn by an Obong-elect during the traditional coronation ceremony. In a Somali tale, the main character, Eghal Shillet, is: a braggart and coward who finds every possible excuse to avoid going into battle. Omissions? The three most popular theories include an Igbo origin, Ibibio origin and Palestinian origin. Aye and Eyo Okon Akak. Prior to the arrival of the missionaries in 1846, many Efik traders were fluent in English and a number of African and European languages. Other narratives at the Hart's enquiry do not make mention of the Efut. [52] The breach of agreement to halt such practices was punished by blowing Ekpe on Obutong and forbidding funeral rites of the chief until the murderers were brought to justice. [79] Ikpaya a royal type of gown also made from raffia. Mr. . [6] The most popular historical accounts of Efik migration attest a movement from Ibom in Arochukwu to Uruan and from Uruan to numerous settlements along the lower Cross river. Ekpe Efik was used as a government instrument in Bakassi in exercising authority for more than 200 years ago [4]. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. Living in what is now Southeast Nigeria and Southwest Cameroon, the people were physically divided by British and German colonial holdings in Africa. Bell of King Eyo Honesty II at Creek Town, Ekeng ita (also known as James Henshaw), Obong of Henshaw Town (c.a 1875). [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. [8] The bulk of the Efik can be found in Calabar. Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations "Hakuna Matata" (No More Worries) - Integrating Indigenous Systems of Conflict Resolution into the Formal System of Government Administration in Cameroon: Case Study of the Ekpe Society of Manyu Division Stephen O. Agbor, Nova Southeastern University Follow Date of Award 2017 As the slave trade was declining due to the strong global campaign against it, the effects on slave trading ports along the African coast was greatly experienced. [44] Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. Some meals have been mentioned often in the 19th century historical literature of Old Calabar. This exhibition, on view from April 18 to August 2, was organized by the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, and generously supported by the William B. Jaffe and Evelyn A. National Museum of African American History and Culture. In Amos Tutuola's The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator leaves his home and begins his adventure in the bush when: In the excerpt that we read from The Palm-Wine Drinkard, the narrator and his wife encounter: In the Song of Lawino, by Okot p'Bitek, a woman speaks to: Lawino's husband's new wife is called _______________________(Either of two possible answers) in the text. The doomsday cult is a sinister transnational cult that has paved its way from the west and Asian world into some African countries including Uganda and South Africa. The masquerade tradition itself is most popular in Calabar and the Oron nation of Udung-Ukko, Mbo, Urue-Offong Oruko, Okobo, as well as the Eket and Uruan local government areas in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria, and even western Cameroon. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. Originally, the Efik obtained slaves by going to war with other communities or creating confusion in other communities. ugly and deformed, but predicted to be the mother of a great king. The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. Ekpe translates to Leopard in the Efik language and is believed to be a spirit that resides in the forest. [38] It is believed that it was at Ndodoghi that many of the Abayen clan had died from crocodile attacks. Prior to the inception of the transatlantic slave trade, the Efik had experienced a series of migration before their arrival along the coasts of Old Calabar. That it was through the Qua [an Ejagham or Ekoi stock], that the secret of Ekpe cult diffused to Calabar. [49] The Enwang are believed to have ruled Atakpa for a number of years. an extraordinarily powerful woman, who can change herself into a buffalo, the proud oldest daughter of a king, who insists on being respected, enraged by her brother's refusal to give her the inheritance she feels she is owed, guilt-ridden for having killed many of her brother's people, and for having pushed her youngest sister too hard and too soon into magical power.

Cornwell 176 Piece Tool Set, 1781 Brewery Food Truck Schedule, Whitegate Health Centre, Chris Staples Dunker Wife, Articles E